Ammunition for selective shooting.



ELDGRN. AMMUNITION FOB. SELEOTIVE SHOOTING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG'. 3, 1909.

Patented Feb. 15, 1910.

a. al

nz fr .10 'Cartridges to be UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

HANS DORN, OE

sUHL, GERMANY.-

`.simumvrrroN rca sELE'cTrvE sHoo'rIive.

Be it known vthat LHANS DoRN, citizen of the German Empire, residing atNo. 264

Heinrichserstrasse, Suhl,Germany, have in- 5 vented certain new anduseful Improve.-

` ments in Ammunition for Selective Shooting, of-which the' following isa specification. This invention'relates to ammunition. for selectivesporting. f

guns are known, in which the projectile consisting of a shot containingcapsule can beA v discharged. either after the manner'. of the ballshot, the small shot remaining compact 15 during the trajectory offlight, or after the manner of an ordinary small or grapeshot accordingas the respective main charge. or an alternative char e is caused toexplode for the spreading e ect.

vent, as it is already known, always only one of two alternative powdercharges being ignited, also to adapt "the cartridge arrangeu Thisinventlon has for its object toprel# meut not merely for .an alternativemode of tiring as aball sl'lot on the one hand or as a small shot on theother handbut to afford themarksman an opportunity to select fromatleast three modes of tiring; thc marksman must be able to use the samecartridge 1 for a' ball shot, 2 for a close grape-shot and 3.

for a -distant grape-shot, lzpe. t'o predetermine the mode of tiring bywa of select-ion with regard to the eect of eit er 1., 2 or 3. Thefourth possibility of selection is pref- 354 erably the mode of iiringwith ordinary small shot according" to which the. main charge and theeXtra charge-contained within' the projectile chamber-are caused .tolexplode simultaneously. l

In carrying out the invention, special ig- 'nition retardmg fuses areprovided in cony nection with the projectile within the car- -trid'ge ina peculiar manner. `The employment of the 'cartridgehereinafterdescribed in Various modifications necessitates the adoptionof a shooting un, in which percussive means are vprovi ed, which notonly control a single main rimin oint in the.

-cartridge but yalso permit va plurality of ig'- niting accessories to.be operated by way of selection. The special construction of'such shotgun doesnot come within the'sco )e of' this inventionbut it may bestated or a better understanding of the invention that the shot gun ispreferably providedY with several triggers, cach of which individually ASpecification of Letters Patent. Application ledAu'gnst, 1909. SerialNo. 511,027.v

discharged from shootingv Patented Feb. 15, 1.910.

controls the selective firing of the cartridge, i as' hereinafter fullyexplained.

Referring to the accompanying drawings: Figurel representsthe'longitudinal section .tridge according to the invention Fig. 2 is across-section according to line AL-B and Flg. 3 is an end view of Athecartridge according to F ig. 1; Fig. 4 represents amodiicationwithrespect to the arrangement of the igniting and fusing device in thebottom of theprojectile ofthe cartridge; Fig. 5 is an end view of thebottom ofthe projectile with respect to Fig. 4; Fig. 6 represents afurther Inodication with respect to Figs. 1 and 4; Figs. -7 and 8 arelongitudinal sections of the cartridgevand end view of the bottom of theprojectile for another modification with respect tothe igniting orfusing arrangement in the bottom ofthe projectile Figs'. i) and 10representsectional elevations of cartridges, where 'an annular ignitionis' provided for on the periphery and the ordinary central .priming capis provided on the bottom; Fig. 11` represents diagrammatically thehorizontal section through the cartridge chamber together withpercussion accessories of' a shot gun, as may be adapted -for firingcartridges in the constructional form 'according to Figs. 9 and 10.

In'Figs. 1'- 3, a is the cartridge case, which contains the main chargeat p," this is ignited'by the annular .cap i on the bottom part-b ofthecase, channels j constituting the igniting paths'through the bottom partb. 'lhe projectile body 1n Fig. 1, so far as it serves the purpose ofthe invention for a `ballshot as well as for the small shot or thewith'releasable end' cap u1, the front'part v of'which is filled'withshot s. `Behind the illing of 'shot sis a tam'pion c; the space betweenthe latter and the projectile bottom nels o 0.o is filledA at g withanextra charge of powder. On this charge exploding after the project-ilehas left. the barrel, the effect of the grapeshot will be produced inthe known manner, as owing to the releasable end cap u', the capsule udoes not burst and the'charge of shot is ejected. In the event of thecharge at g being ignited at practically the same time as the maincharge small shot,^the dispersion of small shot be- 'of a mainconslructional form of the car.'

Aand the/striking parts in thecartridge case,y

at p, the effect will be that of an ordinary grapeshot', preferably.consists of a capsule u w traversedby three igniting or fusing cha-nvl'lO f ing at will either the ginning immediately in front of themuzzle. It is also obvious that if the main charge p alone is ignited,the projectile will be brought wholly (without an untimely Separation oiits parts) to the mark z'. c. it will actas a ball shot. All. threeigniting or fusingchan nels 0 0 o are sealed at the side of theprojectile bottom by diaphragmdike caps r 7" r preferably consistingotthin metal (copper). They may be pierced by means of the plungers c cc pointed at the front; these plunger-s are slidably mounted within thecartridge case a in a longitudinal direction and adapted to be advancedat the rearward end by pushers a; y e. lercussive means which must beprovided on the gun for firing the cartridge in addition to the usualpercussive or striking means (i'or igniting the annular cap or primer2') serve for strikone or the other ot' the pushers ai y a; thepercussive means are not shown in the drawing but. only represented byarrows. The pushers a' y .a are arranged concentrieally to one another,the rod-shaped pusher .e in the middle forming the shank otl the plungerc; the sleeve-shaped piece y is connected to the plunger cv and thesleeveshaped piece a' to the plunger c, as shown in Fig. 1. In orderthat the pieces w y e, notwithstanding their sliding` capacity, may havea tight fit at the bottom of the case, lip-shaped projections are formedby annular grooves y around the inner edges of the pieces a' g/ e, andthe outer pusher :e is surrounded by a packing sleeve b which is eitherintegral with the bottom of the case, or is provided with a packingflange b as shown in Figs. l and 7. When the main charge explodes at 7J,the lips become closely pressed against each other, b against .fr and bagainst b so that the whole is locked, like a block, and the rearwardescape of the powder gases is prevented. The traverse t is adapted toguide the plnngcrs c c c. A tampion a is also fitted for guiding theforward ends of the plungers in the muzzle of the case '(1. The plungersc c c may be iiuted so as to i'orm ignitine paths from p to thepierceable caps r' r r' Of the three igniting channels o 0 o, onechannel 0 communicates with the powder chamber q for a direct flashingignition; the igniting channels 0 and o are however provided withretardation fuses f f of different burning lengths,

riod up to the moment when the ignition is transmitted to the ext racharge g.

rlhe mode of employing a cartridge ot such construction is as follows:The shooting gun for discharging or tiring the cal'- tridge is providedwith the previously inentioned percussive means in order to strikesingly or in succession the pushers .'/J 1/ .e and the annular primer z'respectively. For

. previously Y so that f has a shorterI burmno Jerlod and a longerburning )ethe selective operation, it is assumed that the shooting gunis preferably provided with a plurality of triggers. One of thesecontrois alone the annular percussion-Hange or a simple plunger fostriking against z'; when pulling this trigger, the main charge p alonewill be ignited in the case a and the explosion ot' the main chargecauses the projectile to iiy out in its compact state, whereupon theshot takes place as a ball shot because the extra charge g remainsrunintluenced. with the other (three) triggers is such that the singlepusher a: y or is driven forward by a pereussive member, whereupon theprimer striking action takes place at z'. The plunger c or c or c isthereby caused to pierce through the corresponding diaphragm cap 'l' ror r". Fig. l shows how the cap fr is pierced. The i ignition takingplace from j) is transmitted in this case to the fuse f before theprojectile leaves the barrel; as

the projectile has the trajectory of Hight of j a cylindricalprojectile, the fuse f burns through to the extra charge Q after acertain period and the action or effect of the grapeshot takes place onthe driving away of the detachable capsule u. If instead of the fuse f,the shorter fuse is also actuatedA at f in the same manner, a grapeshottakes place at a shorter distance in front'of the muzzle.

yIf however the cap 1 is pierced by the oper tion of the plunger e, theexplosion takes place at p and Q almost simultaneously', because thechannel 0 permits the flashing ignition to take place Withoutretardation. As explained, the ordinary smalil shot takes place in thiscase. The fourfold possibility is thus afforded z'. c. to lire the Themechamsm in combination' described cartridge either as a ball shot orthe ordinary small shot or the grape shot at a short distance or thegrape shot at a remote distance. It is obvious that the selection of theshot can be varied by providing auxiliary fuses; the one or other modeof operation, such as that for the single ball shot, may also bedispensed with. For shooting or sporting purposes, it is howeveradvisable to employ at least two modes of small or grape shot.

In Figs. 4. and 5. the modification of the projectile according to thearrangement of Fig. l is shown. wherein primer caps /L /L 71" areprovided instead of the diaphragm caps fr r r. It is obvious that thestriking ot' the plungers c c e against such primer caps has practicallythe same eii'ect as is i'lcscribed with respect to the arrangementaceordil'ig to Fig. l, as a preliminary ignition of the respectivedifferent fuses takes place at and the ignition ol the main chargeresults therefrom. The correspond ing parts of the projectile aremoreover provided with the same reference letters as in Figs. l-3.

A modified arrangement of the channels for transmitting'the ignition-isalso shown nated 0.- The other emptyI channel o cornmun'icates withatransverse bore ox at an intermediate point of the fuse f* so thatwhen'y igniting therefrom, lthe burning period is shorter than whenignting in the channel o2. The pieiceable capsr r2 and r usually1 coverall thesechannels.

If. one or the other capis opened by the medium' of the plunger,

Athe described .varying'effect--takes place, as

explainedivith reference to Fig. l; when piercing the cap r2, the fusefx burns through its entire length and when piercing the cap- 'r,the-fuse only burns through a portion of its length.' Consequently, the`initial ignition at 1'?A applies to the grapeshot with effect at aremote distance andy that at r applies to the grapeshot with effect at ashort distance.

Figs. ,7 and S'represent a simpler modiication of the cartridge, inwhich thel plungers C C arearranged as concentric parts. The tubularplunger C controls with. its

points or tips an annular diaphragm d on` the bottom of the projectile.Then the dia- )hra iis lei-ced a rearwardly situated annular-fusc f isexposed and the initial ignitiontakes place from the main charge p. Theignition is transmitted with retardation'tothe extra charge gv. Ifhowever the.

. diaphragm cap ris perforated vby the central plunger C the ignition ofg' takes place `imy .mediately in consequence of the ignition at y) andair ordinary small shot results therefrom'. The rearward, parts of C andC lead directly to a cylindrical socket bof the case. bottom b. Atraverse T serves for guiding and limiting the stroke. For the purposeof producing-a tight it,.lip-flanges are formed by .concentric annulargrooil'es at c e, and Z/'is a packing flange which e ect a lijermeticallocking of theparts C C Vonthe. explosion of the main charge p.

Fi of a cartridge, which is provided with annularpriming instead of withbottom igni.

tion. Fig.v 1l. shows diagranimatically,the corresponding constructionof a fire arm, which is provided in the cartridge chamber with laterallystriking percussive means.

The cartridge case c1. (according to Figs.

I '9 and 10) has only the ordinary central priming at i', whereby themain charge p may be ignited, for instance. by means of striking bolt K(Fig. 11). The projectile, part with shot s and extra charge q inelosedin -thecapsule A u bears externally the embedded primingzones m n, whichserve for the preliminary ignition of the fuse f' and gs. 9- and 10represent two modifications ackin sleeve and b a f respectively,accordingto Fig. 9. In Fig. l0, there is provided similarly as in Fig.6, only one fuse fx centrally; the ignition is started from m at therear end or from n.

more to the frontso-tliat the retardation of.

ignition results therefrom at a longer or shorter interval. l

Fig. 11 may be explained with respect to the employment of cartridgesaccording to Figs. 9 and 10 as follows.

striking. hammers 7c -J as percussive means for striking the annularpriming zones m. u that they act laterally through holes in thc barrel.Provided `that the. barrel is larranged as a recoil operated slidingbarrel, an automat-ic cooking ofthe hammers 7c on. both sides can beeffected'by means of the springs kf. The releasing members vor sto )sare designated g1 g2. If for example, tie releaseis effected at g2 bythe corresponding trigger, the hammer c With percussive pin Q strikes'downward and ignites the annular primer n, whereupon the striking bolt Kadvances and ignites the main charge of the cartridge.y Consequently,the )rojectile is, discharged from the barrelv :titer the respectiveyfuse f or fx has assumed its initial ignition from After a certaininterval and at a certain distance, the explosion of the charge of theproject-ile takes place with the effect-.of the grapesliot.

For preventing the bursting of the capsule u of the projectile, it maybe split at the point. or tipv (as shown in Fig. 7)"or perforatedat-'the front part, ormade thinner. or providedwith a. releasable -endcap u (Fig. 1), or the capsule u may be crimped over the end-cap u (Fig.4). Byv employing some tvvist,- the centrifugal effect upon the chargeof shot will be checked in that the capsule u Whiohvcontains the shot,provided with rifiings made'ivith a i'everse twistl to the riflings ofthe gun barrel.

1. In a cartridge of the character described, vt-lie combination With acase containing a maincharge, of a projectile comprising 'a 'shotcontaining -capsule having an' extra charge therein, anda plurality ofmeans independent ofeach other and operative selectively whereby thecapsule maiv 'be discharged either as a ball shot or as Percussive pins1, 2 are so arranged in combination u'ith ing a main charge adapted tobe fired by suitable means, of a projectile comprising a shot containingcapsule having an extra charge therein, ignition conducting meansinterposed between the main charge and the extra charge, and meansoperative to place the extra charge in communication with the maincharge whereby the extra charge may be tired through said ignitionconducting means from the main charge to discharge the capsule as a ballshot, or as small shot at a predetermined time.

Al. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with acase containing a main charge adapted to be fired, by suitable means, ofa projectile comprising a shot containing capsule, an extra charge inthe latter, there heilig a plurality of igniting pat-hs leading to saidextra charge, and means for firing the extra charge from the main chargethrough a predetermined igniting path to drive off the capsule as a ballshot or small shot.

5. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with acase containing a main charge adapted to be fired by suitable means, ofa projectile adapted to be driven oif either as a ball shot or as smallshot by the main charge, and comprising a shot containing capsule, anextra charge therein and a direct igniting path leading to said extracharge, a plurality of time fuses of diiferent lengths leading to saidextra charge, and selective percussive means adapted to ignite the cxtracharge directly through the direct igniting path or indirectly throughone of the fuses.

`6. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with acase contain'- ing a main charge adapted to be tired by suitable' means,of a projectile adaptedv to be driven olf either as a ball shot or assmall shot by the main charge, and comprising a shot containing capsule,an extra charge therein, there being a plurality of igniting pathsleading to the extra charge, means for normally sealing communicatlonbetween the main charge and the extra charge, and means for openingcommunication between the main charge and the extra charge through adesired igniting path.

7. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with acase containing a main charge adapted to be fired by sultable means, ofa projectile adapted to be driven olf either as a ball shot or as smallshot by the main charfre and comprising a shot containing capsuIe, anextra charge therein and a direct igniting path leading to said extracharge, a plurality of time fuses leading to said extra charge, meansfor norma ly sealing communication between the main charge and the extracharge, and means for opening communication between the main charge andthe extra charge throu h the direct igniting path or through one o? thetime fuses.

8. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with acase containing a main charge adapted to be red by suitable means, ot aprojectile adapted to be driven olf either as a ball shot or as smallshot by the main charge, and comprising a shot containing capsule, anextra charge therein, there being a plurality of igniting paths leadingfrom the main charge to the extra charge, means for normally scalingcommunication between the main charge and the extra charge, and aplurality of plungers adapted to be o erated selectively to opencommunication lbetween the main charge and the extra charge through adesired igniting path.

9. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with acase containing a main char e Aadapted to be fired by suitable means,o aprojectile adapted to be driven off either as a ball shot or as smallshot by the main charge and comprising a shot containing capsu e, anextra charge therein, there being a plurality of igniting paths leadingfrom the main charge to the extra charge, a plurality of plungersdesigned to open communication between the main charge and the extrachar e, and means for locking said plungers toget 1er to prevent escapeof gas upon tiring the main charge.

10. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with acase containing a main charge adapted to be tired by suitable means, ofa projectile comprising a shot containing capsule, and extra chargetherein, there being a plurality of igniting paths leading from the mainchargeto the extra charge, a cap in each igniting path to closecommunication between the charges,

and a plurality of pointed plungers de- I signed to be operatedselectively to pierce the caps and open communication between the maincharge and the extra charge through a predetermined igniting path.

ll. In a cartridge of the character described, the combination with acase containing a main charge, of a projectile comprising a shotcontainingl capsule having an extra charge therein, a plurality of meansindependent of each other and operative selectively whereby the capsulemay be discharged either' as a ball shot or as small shot, and means forpreventing the escape of gas upon the firing of either charge.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HANS BORN.

iVitnesses HERMANN ITETTIG, KARL SCHEIDER.

